[judykott]

I wanted to find out more about what was behind these celestial events in these paintings below. this is the scenic tour to get to what I think are very important points.

Nuremburg April 14, 1561 by Hans Glazer

UFO enthusiasts wish to label everything as one, I know there are craft but I believe most are "our" own. I do think there are inter-dimensional and not of this frequency range to be seen. I think there are many rare phenomenon that are mistaken for other things.


For two hours in the morning of April 20 1535, the skies over the city were filled with white circles and arcs crossing the sky, while additional suns appeared around the sun. The phenomenon quickly resulted in rumours of an omen of God's forthcoming revenge on King Gustav Vasa (1496-1560) for having introduced Protestantism during the 1520s and for being heavy-handed with his enemies allied with the Danish king.

Hoping to end speculations, the Chancellor and Lutheran scholar Olaus Petri (1493-1552) ordered a painting to be produced documenting the event. When confronted with the painting, the king, however, interpreted it as a conspiracy - the real sun of course being himself threatened by competing fake suns, one being Olaus Petri and the other the clergyman and scholar Laurentius Andreae (1470-1552), both thus accused of treachery, but eventually escaping capital punishment. The original painting is lost, but a copy from the 1630s survives and still can be seen in the church Storkyrkan in central Stockholm.


From the top
Circumzenithal Arc
Upper Tangent Arc
22 Degree arc
Parhelic circle
Parhelia(sundogs)
Lower Tangent Arc



So what were these events and how do they happen.
* 22 ° halo, at upper right (should be centered on the Sun)
* parhelic circle, large white circle (centered on the zenith: appears 'horizontal' in the sky)
* parhelia including 2 sundogs, 2 120° parhelia and the anthelion (dots on the parhelic circle, resp. nearest to farthest from the Sun)
* upper tangent arc and possible Parry arc (2 crossing arcs just left of the 22° halo (actually 'above' the 22°, in the sky); not realistically shown)
* circumzenithal arc, smaller crescent inside the parhelic circle (also centered on the zenith: appears 'horizontal', high in the sky)
* infralateral arc (bottom right)

Note that the whole sky appears strongly tilted in the image: the upper right corner is actually down in the sky (when looking towards the Sun), the zenith is at the center of the circumzenithal arc and parhelic circle.





Jan 11,1999 interesting dates on some of these 11:11 999
Shakespeare also appears to mention the phenomenon in his Henry VI, Part 3 when he has Edward say, "Dazzle mine eyes, or do I see three suns?


Diamond Dust





Matthew Paris 1233
Greece

Aristotle (Meteorology III.2, 372a14) notes that "two mock suns rose with the sun and followed it all through the day until sunset." He says that "mock suns" are always to the side, never above or below, most commonly at sunrise or sunset, more rarely in the middle of the day.

Cicero
An unusually pronounced sun dog produced by sunlight passing through thin cirrus clouds. The true sun is located outside of the picture to the right.

A passage in Cicero's On the Republic (54-51 BC) is one of many by Greek and Roman authors who refer to sun dogs and similar phenomena:

Be it so, said Tubero; and since you invite me to discussion, and present the opportunity, let us first examine, before any one else arrives, what can be the nature of the parhelion, or double sun, which was mentioned in the senate. Those that affirm they witnessed this prodigy are neither few nor unworthy of credit, so that there is more reason for investigation than incredulity.
Wars of the Roses

The prelude to the Battle of Mortimer's Cross is supposed to have involved the appearance of a complete parhelion with three "suns". The Yorkists took them to represent Edward of York, George of Clarence and Richard of Gloucester and their impending victor


Now for how they are made, this is important for later








22º radius halos are visible all over the world and throughout the year. Look out for them (eye care!) whenever the sky is wisped or hazed with thin cirrus clouds. These clouds are cold and contain ice crystals in even the hottest climes.

The halo is large. Stretch out the fingers of your hand at arms length. The tips of the thumb and little finger then subtend roughly 20°. Place your thumb over the the sun and the halo will be near the little finger tip.

The halo is always the same diameter regardless of its position in the sky. Sometimes only parts of the complete circle are visible.

When looking for halos always shield both eyes from the sun. Never stare close to it even for a moment. Preferably, hide the sun behind the edge of a building or post. Take care when photographing halos if the unshielded sun is in the field of view. It is dangerous to look at the sun through some camera viewfinders, especially SLRs - do not take risks!



Moon Halo




Millions of ice crystals glint down from 3 to 5 mile high cirrostratus haze to form the 22º halo.

The sharp inner edge is red tinged. Beyond, the halo fades gradually away.

The 22º halo extends from 22º out to 50º - a disk with a hole - but it is brightest at the inner edge

No light is refracted through smaller angles and so the area inside the halo is dark - a 'hole in the sky'.

Red light is refracted less strongly than other colours and so the halo's inner edge is red hued sometimes tapering away through oranges and yellows to blue. All but red are indistinct and washed out because they overlap considerably.



Rays and crystals forming a 22º halo. Crystals whose prism axes are roughly perpendicular to the direction of sunlight refract its rays through 22º or more. Each crystal sparkles in the sky when it is at this angular distance from the sun. The collective sparkles make the halo. Millions of other unlit crystals are not visible to you but they might be helping to form someone else's halo!

Sun dogs on the side of the Halo




Halos are not purely daytime happenings. Look for them whenever a bright moon is veiled by thin cirrus cloud. A full or nearly full moon is best.

22º halos often encircle the moon. More rarely, because the moon is relatively dim, it is possible to see moondogs and other halos. Colours are faint or non existent because their light is barely strong enough to excite the colour sensors of our eyes.



Intense upper tangent arc. The gull winged arc always touches the 22º halo at a point directly above the moon. Its wings open and then droop as the moon climbs. Here it was 22º high.


Lower tangent arc and other halos. When the sun is low the horizon hides the lower tangent arc but it can be seen from from hills or mountains when there are clouds or cold air below containing the necessary ice crystals.


The circumscribed halo is typically a brightly coloured oval around the sun. It is tangential to the inner 22º halo directly above and below the sun and it is brightest there. Sometimes local brightenings of the 22º halo are the only sign of it. Its shape depends very much on the solar altitude

When the sun is lower than 29º the halo separates into the upper and lower tangent arcs. The same rays and crystals form it.




The circumzenithal arc, CZA, is the most beautiful of all the halos. The first sighting is always a surprise, an ethereal rainbow fled from its watery origins and wrapped improbably about the zenith. It is often described as an "upside down rainbow" by first timers. Someone also charmingly likened it to "a grin in the sky".

Look straight up near to the zenith when the sun if fairly low and especially if sundogs are visible. The centre of the bow always sunwards and red is on the outside.



Halos beneath the sky. A subsun, sub parhelia, subparhelic circle and a subcircumzenithal arc shine below the horizon. Continuations of 'ordinary' arcs go beneath the horizon also. Fisheye simulation centered on the horizon, sun 10° high.


Imagine a halo display mirrored in a lake. Subhorizon halos are similarly formed except that the mirroring is inside the very crystal making the halo. An extra reflection from a lower horizontal face produces the subhorizon counterpart of an ordinary plate crystal halo.

No multiple scattering or reflection by separate crystals is needed

# Exodus 13:21-22. By day the Lord went ahead of them in a pillar of cloud to guide them on their way and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, so that they could travel by day or night. Neither the pillar of cloud by day nor the pillar of fire by night left its place in front of the people.


There are arcs and phenomenon that have never been photographed before, you need special equipment and more important you must be where these incredible events are happening. Just recently the Kern arc was photographed for the first time but it won't let me upload it, you can view it here.

http://www.ursa.fi/blogit/haloreport...&c=1&tb=1&pb=1

This is the scenic tour
to be continued