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Method 2
In this method a distant light source is reflected into the eye via two parallel paths:
reflected from a unconnected PMT photocathode and
reflected from the silvered surrounding of the photocathode via a
piece of attenuating film.
The attenuation of the piece of film is selected until the two images appear the same brightness.
Under these conditions: –
A x R = A x (film attenuation)2
(Remembering light passes through the attenuator film twice.)
So R, the coefft of reflection of the PMT photocathode = (film attenuation)2
R can now be determined by measuring the attenuation of the attenuator film. This is done in Fig. B using the PMT as a light intensity measurer and of course connected to its normal counting circuitry.
7 richis
Hi AllL
the spin-orbit effect splits the 3P-->3S transition in sodium(which gives rise to the yellow light of sodium vapor highway lamps) into two lines 589.0 nm corresponding to 3P sub 3/2-->3S sub 1/2 and 589.6nm corresponding to 3P sub 1/2 --> 3S sub 1/2.
How can I use these wavelengths to calculate the effective magnetic field experinced by the outer electron in the sodium atom as a result of its orbital motion ??
Formulas and Equations:
c = λ × f λ = c / f = c × T f = c / λ
View Full Version : Is Mass Really Condensed Energy
Quote:
onychoJun17-06, 07:19 AM
A. Einstein contended that (E=mc2) energy was equal to mass X velocity of light squared.
Does is it not follow that M=e/c2 or that mass is really condensed energy?
If mass is truly energy, then what is it that we observe from our mind's point of reference?
Finally what is energy?
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pervectJun17-06, 01:27 PM
In physics, energy is the ability of a system to do work.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy
Work is defined by force * distance (in an inertial frame)
If you consider particle / antiparticle reactions (say an electron and an anti-electron), you can see examples of how mass can be converted into energy. This does not mean, however, that the energy contained in a mass M is necessarily fully accessible to us. Generally, it is not accessible, unless we have access to a supply of antimatter of equal mass.
Anti-matter does not occur naturally (as far as we know) and has to be artifically produced. The amount of energy it takes to produce anti-matter is much more than the energy which it actually liberates.
As far as whether matter is "really" condensed energy, that's a bit philosophical. What experimental tests would convince you that it was? What experimental tests would convince you that it wasn't?
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M
http://www.davidicke.com/forum/showt...=12262&page=23
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Re: Antimatter, matter and time
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I believe that observation was originally due to Feynman.
Draw something like a large "M" on a sheet of paper. Think of the space axis as horizontal and the time axis as vertical. Take a straight edge, place it horizontally across the bottom of the page and move it slowly up the page. Think of the points at which the lines cross your straightedge as being the positions of particles at the present time. Initially you have two particles that are moving toward each other. Think of the particle on your left as being an electron and the particle on the right as being a positron.
When your straightedge meets the central "V" of the "M", two new particles magically appear out of nowhere! That is a "creation pair"- a particle and its anti-particle, an electron and a positron. Now continue moving the straight edge up the paper. You now have two pairs of particle moving toward each other, one pair on the left, the other on the right. When you finally reach the two "/\" points of the "M" those two pair disappear: an electron and a positron have annihilated each other. The electron that was originally on the left has annihilated the positron that was created in the middle and the electron that was created in the middle has annihilated the postitron that was initially on the right.
Now lift your straightedge and
look at the "M" itself. Do you see that you can think of that a single track: as an electron coming in on the left, moving "forward in time" then suddenly is turned "back in time" until, at the "V" it turns "forward in time" again , eventually hits the top "/\" and turns back in time once more. The movement "back in time" is what we, with our limited "one instant" perspective, see as a positron.
You might suspect that it would take some real cataclysm to change motion "forward in time" to "backward in time" and vice-versa. That's exactly right! It is the enormous energy, E= mc2, necessary to create an eletron-positron pair or given up when such a pair annihilates.
I have no idea how "serious" Feynman was when he proposed this but it does answer one basic question: All electrons are identical because there's really only one electron, bouncing back and forth in time!
Nov8-08, 09:38 AM #6
Unredeemed
Re: Antimatter, matter and time
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Quote:
Originally Posted by lewi
Now i understand everything and nothing at the same time
well its the same ...as always ...2 me
or iI
__________________
"If speaking is through speech,
if breathing is through breath,
if seeing is through eyes,
if hearing is through ears,
if thinking is through mind,
then who am I ? ~ Eternal Stories from the Upanishads ~
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Last edited by edit; 03-12-2008 at 03:39 AM.
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03-12-2008, 03:31 AM #227
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Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 2,395 The Planes of Existence
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The Planes of Existence
...
Gross/Gross Physical
Etheric/Imaginal/Subtle/Subtle Physical
Causal
Transcendent Physical
Orectic
Ideational
Higher Spiritual
Divine
...
__________________
"If speaking is through speech,
if breathing is through breath,
if seeing is through eyes,
if hearing is through ears,
if thinking is through mind,
then who am I ? ~ Eternal Stories from the Upanishads ~
The Real and the Apparent Man
Swami Vivekananda
(Delivered in New York )
Quote:
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Yet, this analysis is only partial. This much has been known even to modern physical science. Beyond that, the research of physical science cannot reach. But the inquiry does not stop in consequence. We have not yet found that one, by knowing which everything else will be known. We have resolved the whole universe into two components, into what are called matter and energy, or what the ancient philosophers of India called Akasha and Prana. The next step is to resolve this Akasha and the Prana into their origin. Both can be resolved into the still higher entity which is called mind. It is out of mind, the Mahat, the universally existing thought-power, that these two have been produced. Thought is a still finer manifestation of being than either Akasha or Prana. It is thought that splits itself into these two. The universal thought existed in the beginning, and that manifested, changed, evolved itself into these two Akasha and Prana: and by the combination of these two the whole universe has been produced.
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http://books.google.nl/books?id=ot8Y...um=3&ct=result
at-ma
Atom is the smallest particle of an atom!
Atom
I INTRODUCTION
http://cell-atom.blogspot.com/
ARTICLE 12a - ESOTERIC KNOWLEDGE OF SLEEP
Figure 12b – The Arrangement of the Subtle Bodies in the Waking State Falling Asleep
http://www.esotericscience.org/article12a.htm
Dream Brain
http://fusionanomaly.net/iching.html
[...]
...an "I' comes about - in my view, at least - via a kind of vortex whereby patterns in a brain miror the brain's mirroring of the world, and eventually mirror themselves, whereupon the vortex of "I" becomes real, causal entity. For an imperfect but vivid concrete analogue to this curious abstract phenomenon, think of what happens when a TV camera is pointed at a TV screen so as to display the screen on itself (and that screen on itself, etc.) - what in GEB I called a "self-engulfing television", and in my later writings I sometimes call a "level-crossing feedback loop."
/loops